ABSTRACT

The middle section of the vertebral spine is composed of three-dimensional trabecular networks of rods and plates. This trabecular structure ensures 90% of the compressive strength, particularly in the lumbar vertebrae. Moreover, bone marrow inside the trabecular network increases the compressive strength and energy absorption. Anterior components of the vertebral column (cylindrical vertebral bodies and discs) resist compressive forces, while posterior ligamentous elements resist tensile forces. Anterior and posterior elements also enable resistance to diagonal and rotational forces and bending moment.