ABSTRACT

Paraplegia is an impairment in motor and/or sensory function of the lower extremities as a result of spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that requires intensive and specialized clinical rehabilitation. The area of the spinal canal which is affected in paraplegia is either the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions. Rehabilitation of these injuries has an increasingly important role. The primary goals of rehabilitation are prevention of secondary complications, maximization of physical functioning, and reintegration into the community. Frequent complications after SCI include neurogenic bladder, neurogenic bowel, urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers, orthostatic hypotension, fractures, deep vein thrombosis, spasticity, heterotrophic ossification, contractures, autonomic dysreflexia, pulmonary and cardiovascular problems, and depressive disorders.

The interdisciplinary approach of the rehabilitation team is important for the optimal care of individual with SCI. The treatment team may include a physiatrists, physical therapist, occupational therapist, orthotist, nurse, and mental health provider. A comprehensive rehabilitation program is essential to optimize functional independence. The program should address functional goals related to mobility, transfer, and self care as well as issues related to health maintenance and self advocacy.