Adjacent segment degeneration....................................................105
Adjacent segment disease................................................................127
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis................................... 5, 13, 93, 261
Adult.........................................................................................................266
Adult idiopathic......................................................................................79
Adult scoliosis..........................................................................23,79, 276
Anesthesia management..............................................................17, 23
Anterior cervical discectomy.....................................................69, 105
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion............................117, 231
AP diameter...........................................................................................163
Beta-tricalcium phosphate...............................................................227
Bipedicular base distance.................................................................163
Blade-peek cage...................................................................................105
Bone cement...........................................................................................59
Bone graft substitute..........................................................................227
Cantilever.................................................................................................85
Catheter...................................................................................................261
Cell-saver..................................................................................................13
Cement....................................................................................................223
Cement leakage......................................................................................59
Cervical disc herniation.....................................................................117
Cervical lordosis...................................................................................181
Cervical sagittal alignment..............................................................231
Cervical spinal surgery.......................................................................270
Cervical spine..................................................................... 145, 157, 231
Cervical spine alignment..................................................................181
Clinical presentation..........................................................................121
Cobb method........................................................................................... 27
Coccydynia.............................................................................................253
Colorectal adenocarcinoma.............................................................145
Complication.....................................................................................47, 85
Complications of fusion.......................................................................55
Compression fractures.......................................................................199
Contralateral approach........................................................................69
De novo scoliosis...................................................................................79
Decision-making process..................................................................276
Degenerative.........................................................................................276
Degenerative lumbar..........................................................................127
Degenerative scoliosis.........................................................................79
Diabetes mellitus.................................................................................193
Diffusion MRI........................................................................................101
Disc decompression..............................................................................33
Discectomy.............................................................................................235
Dynamic screws....................................................................................127
Embolism..................................................................................................59
Endoscopic.............................................................................................235
Endoscopic anatomy...........................................................................211
Epidural steroid injection...................................................................41
Epiduroscopic..........................................................................................33
Exiting.....................................................................................................211
Fasting blood glucose........................................................................193
Full lateral spine.......................................................................................1
Functional results.....................................................................................5
Fusion.............................................................................69, 127, 139, 227
Ganglion impar block.........................................................................253
Graft............................................................................................................69
Interbody fusion..................................................................................... 47
Intervertebral disc degeneration...................................................187
Idiopathic................................................................................................276
Implant failure......................................................................................151
Interbody fat............................................................................................69
Intervertebral disc displacement...................................................187
Kinesio taping......................................................................................... 27
Kyphoplasty.............................................................................................65
Kyphoscoliosis..................................................................................17, 23
Kyphosis..................................................................................................257
Laser...........................................................................................................33
Lateral mass fixation..........................................................................169
Local anesthetic infusion..................................................................261
Long-term....................................................................................................5
Loosening...............................................................................................151
Low back pain......................................................................... 41, 47, 193
Low back pain......................................................................................... 47
Lumbar.......................................................................................... 235, 227
Lumbar disc herniation...................................................121, 240, 245
Lumbar epidural steroid injection.................................................193
Lumbar lordosis....................................................................................245
Lumbar spine fracture........................................................................133
Lumbar vertebrae................................................................................187
Lytic metastases...................................................................................101
Magnetic resonance imaging..........................................................187
Maximal resection...............................................................................240
Meningeal cysts....................................................................................207
Metastases................................................................................... 101, 145
Microdiscectomy..................................................................................240
Migration of...........................................................................................223
Minimal invasive spine surgery......................................................211
Modic Change.......................................................................................105
Morphometric analysis................................................... 157, 169, 175
Multi-segment posterolateral fusion............................................227
Occipital bone.......................................................................................175
Occipitocervical fusion......................................................................175
Osteoporosis...................................................................................59, 133
Outcome assesment...........................................................................117
Pain...........................................................................................................261
Paresis......................................................................................................270
Patient satisfaction...............................................................................65
Pediatric..................................................................................................157
Pediatric scoliosis.................................................................................. 17
Pedicle screw...........................................................................................93
Pedicle screw fixation........................................................................151
Pedicle screw loosening....................................................................151
Pedicule screws......................................................................................16
Peek cage................................................................................................105
Pelvic insidence...................................................................... 1, 245, 257
Pelvic tilt....................................................................................... 245, 257
Percutaneous.........................................................................................235
Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy...........................235
Percutaneous vertebroplasty........................................199, 223, 249
Polyetheretherketone cage..............................................................117
Polymethylmetacrylate......................................................................223
Polymethylmethacrylate...................................................................199
Ponte’s osteotomy..................................................................................93
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion...................................................55
Posterolateral fusion..........................................................................111
Postoperative analgesia....................................................................261
Postoperative epidural hematoma................................................270
Pulmonary................................................................................................59
Radicular leg pain.................................................................................41
Radiography...................................................................................... 1, 266
Recurrent lumbar disc herniation..................................................121
Rigid scoliosis.........................................................................................85
Risk factors.............................................................................................121
Root..........................................................................................................211
Sacral slope................................................................................. 245, 257
Sagittal balance.............................................................................. 1, 266
Sagittal vertical axis................................................................. 181, 257
Sclerotic metastases...........................................................................101
Scoliosis....................................................................................................79
Socioeconomic factors.......................................................................121
Spinal arachnoid cysts.......................................................................207
Spinal canal area.................................................................................163
Spinal cord...............................................................................................73
Spinal cystic lesions...........................................................................207
Spinal endoscopy.................................................................................211
Spinal instrumentation......................................................................111
Spinal stenosis..................................................................................47, 55
Spinal surgery...................................................................................17, 23
Spine...............................................................................................127, 227
Spine surgery............................................................................... 151, 276
Spino-pelvic parameters........................................................................1
Spondylolisthesis.................................................................................111
Spondyloptosis.....................................................................................139
SRS-30..........................................................................................................5
Surgery.................................................................................139, 145, 231
Surgical indication..............................................................................276
Surgical management................................................................... 79, 85
Syringomyelia.........................................................................................73
Syrinx.........................................................................................................73
Thoracic fracture..................................................................................133
Thoracic kyphosis.................................................................................. 27
TLIF...................................................................................................... 47
Tranexamic acid.....................................................................................13
Trans-sacral..............................................................................................33
Trans-sacro-coccygeal approach....................................................253
Transforaminal............................................................................ 211, 235
Transforaminal epidural steroid injection.....................................41
Transitional vertebra..........................................................................169
Trauma.....................................................................................................139
Traversing root......................................................................................211
Uncovertebral hypertrophy..............................................................105
VAS score................................................................................................253
Vertebra...................................................................................................101
Vertebrae fracture...............................................................................223
Vertebral.................................................................................................199
Vertebral bone biopsy........................................................................249
Vertebral compression fractures....................................................249
Vertebral fracture........................................................................... 59, 65
Vertebroplasty.................................................................................. 59, 65
Viscosity....................................................................................................59
X-rays.......................................................................................................187
