| Acetaminophen | 82 |
| Activities of daily living | 149 |
| Activity level | 101 |
| Acute low back pain | 82 |
| Adhesiolysis | 61 |
| Adjacent segment disease | 26 |
| Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis | 149 |
| Adult diastematomyelia | 107 |
| Adult spinal deformity surgery | 131 |
| Aesthetics | 1 |
| Anesthesia | 118 |
| Angle of trunk rotation | 149 |
| Asymptomatic | 156 |
| Brainstem | 156 |
| Cage usage | 143 |
| Caudal | 61 |
| Caudal epidural steroid injection | 18 |
| Cervical | 113 |
| Cervical disc degeneration | 76 |
| Cervical fracture | 168 |
| Cervical spondylosis | 76 |
| Chiari type 1 malformation | 156 |
| Cobb angle | 168 |
| Complication | 87 |
| Complications | 71 |
| Compression fracture | 180 |
| Corpectomy | 168 |
| Degenerative | 137 |
| Degenerative lumbar spine | 162 |
| Diastematomyelia | 107 |
| Diclofenac | 82 |
| Diplomyelia | 107 |
| Disability | 31 |
| Disc disease | 137 |
| Duraplasty | 71 |
| Dynamic rod | 137 |
| Dynamic screw | 137 |
| Dynamic stabilization | 162 |
| Endoscopic decompression | 189 |
| Erythropoietin | 36 |
| Etodolac | 82 |
| Facet degeneration | 13 |
| Facet tropism | 13 |
| Fluoroscopy | 18 |
| Frankel scale | 8 |
| Function | 124 |
| General anesthesia | 174 |
| Goniometer | 113 |
| Health-related quality of life | 82 |
| Hemodialysis | 45 |
| Hyaluronidase | 61 |
| Hybrid rod | 26 |
| Hypertonic sodium chloride solution | 61 |
| Interlaminar approach | 189 |
| Intramuscular ozone | 31 |
| Kambin’s triangle | 54 |
| Khyposis | 49 |
| Kidney failure | 45 |
| Kyphoplasty | 180 |
| Kyphosis angle | 174 |
| Kyphotic deformity | 124 |
| Lateral mass screw fixatio | 76 |
| Local anesthesia | 174 |
| Lumbar | 113 |
| Lumbar degeneration | 13 |
| Lumbar disc herniation | 54 |
| Lumbar disk herniation | 87 |
| Lumbar fusion | 26 |
| Lumbar subarachnoid drainage | 71 |
| Major cardiac adverse events | 131 |
| MDCT | 36 |
| Mesenchymal stem cell | 36 |
| Microsurgery | 94 |
| Mimics Innovation Suite | 36 |
| Modified frailty index | 131 |
| Multidisciplinary approach | 8 |
| Myofascial pain | 1 |
| Neurogenic claudication | 61 |
| Neurologic deficits | 49 |
| Neuromuscular scoliosis | 101 |
| NOMS | 8 |
| Non-specific low back pain | 31 |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 82 |
| Osteoporosis | 180 |
| Osteoporotic vertebral fractures | 174 |
| Oswestry Disability Index | 82 |
| Outcome | 94,168 |
| Pain | 124 |
| Paravertebral ozone | 31 |
| PEEK | 162 |
| Pelvic fixation | 101 |
| Pelvic obliquity | 101 |
| Percutaneous neuroplasty | 61 |
| Posterior cervical facet cages | 76 |
| Posterior spinal instrumentation | 143 |
| Posture | 149 |
| PROLO | 162 |
| Pseudomeningocele | 71 |
| Radiation | 18 |
| Range of motion | 113 |
| Re-operation | 87 |
| Recurrence | 87 |
| Revised cardiac risk index | 131 |
| Rigid rod | 26 |
| Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire | 82 |
| Sagittal alignment | 1 |
| Scoliosis | 1 ,49,118 |
| SINS | 8 |
| Spinal cord | 94 |
| Spinal fusion | 36 |
| Spinal instability | 143 |
| Spinal metastasis | 8 |
| Spinal muscular atrophy of childhood | 118 |
| Spinal stenosis | 143,189 |
| Spinal tumor | 94 |
| Spine | 113 |
| Spine osteotomy | 49 |
| Spine surgery | 71 |
| Split cord malformation | 107 |
| Spondylodiscitis | 45 |
| Sprague-Dawley rat | 36 |
| Stabilization | 137 |
| Subpedicular area | 54 |
| Symptomatic | 156 |
| Symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis | 61 |
| Syringomiyelia | 107 |
| Thoracolumbar junction | 124 |
| Tomita classification | 8 |
| Transforaminal | 61 |
| Transforaminal injection | 54 |
| Trigger point | 1 |
| Ultrasonography | 18 |
| VAS | 162 |
| Vertebral augmentation | 180 |
| Vertebral fracture | 124 |
| Vertebroplasty | 174,18 |
| Visual analog scale | 82 |